Self-assembled nanocarriers as biotechnology approach to antivenom immunotherapy

Abstract The animals which inject venoms through their string or bite belongs to the order reptiles (snakes), Arachnida (spider and scorpion) were being a fear factor for the health of humans and should be treated for the antivenom medicine. The recent methods of developing antivenom depend on the plasma-determined immunoglobulin or the highly immunized animals’ fragments or leaves of medicinal plants which were merged to carry out antidote venom exercise. This was detailed in various research books on ethno-drug discovery. Among the venomous animals, the most dangerous and the predominant cause of health issues in the World was a snakebite. Numerous plant reports and books were distributed featuring the utilization of plant drugs for the administration of snakebite but many biotechnological tools come handy as antivenom immunotherapy for the bites and stings of the venomous animals. Recent researchers studied those self-assembling nanocarriers that can be enveloped in the protein CHNP that are helpful for those envenoming therapies. This review is about the biotechnological approach on the self-assembled nanoparticles for the antivenom immunotherapy against the venomous animals.