The multifaceted impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation in children in France between 2001 to 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2003, France was the first European country to recommend 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) for a large proportion of healthy children. With complicated recommendations, the vaccine coverage during the first 4 y of implementation was low, then progressively increased to reach 90% in 2008. The aim of this review was to describe the particular impact of PCVs in a country where the vaccine coverage was initially suboptimal.After PCV7 implementation, the PCV7 serotypes nearly disappeared among pneumococci isolated from meningitis (−73%), other invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD; −90%) and pneumococcal carriage (−97%). Consequently, the rates of penicillin-resistant strains declined. However, because of important serotype replacement, the global effect on the incidence of meningitis (−31%) or other IPD (−14%) was modest and observed only in young children < 2 y old. After PCV13 transition, with immediate high vaccine coverage, the vaccine had an important impact on all pneumococcal disea...