Mechanisms of hypoxia-induced mitophagy and its advances in related diseases

2018 
Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate under oxygen sufficient conditions through oxidative phosphorylation to supply energy metabolism of the body.When the cells are in hypoxia, mitochondria can produces a number of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which damages tissues or cells and causes diseases.Therefore, reducing the level of ROS in vivo is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the body.Recent studies have shown that cells can regulate mitophagy under hypoxic conditions by up-regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1, activation of BNIP3, BNIP3L/NIX-mediated pathways, and reversible phosphorylation of FUNDC1 receptors, further remove excess or damaged mitochondria, and ultimately reduce the production of ROS.In contrast, ROS can activate a variety of other signal molecules, such as p62 and FOXO3, to regulate cell autophagy.And the related studies have shown that mitophagy is closely related to respiratory diseases, endocrine, tumors, neurological diseases and other diseases.This paper reviews the progress of pathegenesis of hypoxia-induced mitophagy and its relevance to the related diseases. Key words: Hypoxia; Mitophagy; Reactive oxygen species
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