A Zr-MOF@GO-Coated Fiber with High Specific Surface Areas for Efficient, Green, Long-Life Solid-Phase Microextraction of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Water

A composite material featuring a zirconium-based metal–organic framework and graphene oxide (Zr-MOF@GO) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and bonded to a stainless steel wire with an inorganic binder as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber for the derivatization-free extraction and analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The force between the Zr-MOF@GO and NSAIDs includes coordination action, H-bonding, and π–πconjugation effect, which results in the better extraction performance than a commercial polyamide fiber. The developed method achieved low detection limits (0.001–0.030 µg L−1, S/N = 3) and wide linear range (0.01–500 µg L−1) with good linearity (R ≥ 0.9970). The fiber coating had a high scratch resistance, which could effectively prevent coating wear and failure due to the friction between the fiber and the casing. Combined with the high thermal and chemical stability, the loss-free service life of the coating reached at least 240 extractions. Particularly, the derivatization-free extraction technique can greatly reduce the extraction time and use of organic solvents, thus maximizing the SPME technology advantages. It is evident that the analysis method is simple, environmentally friendly, and fast for detecting NSAIDs in water with high efficiency and long service life.