Capturing Micro Deformations from Pooling Layers for Offline Signature Verification

In this paper, we propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based method that extracts the location information (displacement features) of the maximums in the max-pooling operation and fuses it with the pooling features to capture the micro deformations between the genuine signatures and skilled forgeries as a feature extraction procedure. After the feature extraction procedure, we apply support vector machines (SVMs) as writer-dependent classifiers for each user to build the signature verification system. The extensive experimental results on GPDS-150, GPDS-300, GPDS-1000, GPDS-2000, and GPDS-5000 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can discriminate the genuine signatures and their corresponding skilled forgeries well and achieve state-of-the-art results on these datasets.