Ovarian Cancer, Early Primary Disease

Early-stage ovarian cancer represents about 20–30% of all epithelial carcinomas of the ovary and has a relatively good prognosis and the 5-year survival rate is about 90%. It is generally asymptomatic and accidentally diagnosed during sonography, CT scan, or laparoscopy performed for other reasons. Most part of epithelial ovarian tumors is sporadic and only 10–12% of cases are associated with familial genetic syndromes (hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer). At present, despite availability and amelioration in transvaginal ultrasonography and biomarkers, there is no valid screening program for ovarian cancer. The treatment is based on the FIGO stage which is a reflection of the extent or spread of the cancer.