Drivers, barriers and strategies for zero carbon buildings in high-rise high-density cities

Abstract The zero carbon building (ZCB) approach has been adopted in many cities and regions as an important government strategy for addressing climate change, achieving a low carbon economy, and uplifting the quality of people’s life. However, there is yet a lack of uptake of ZCB in high-rise high-density contexts, and mystery exists about its feasibility and societal acceptance. This paper aims to demystify ZCB development in high-rise high-density cities by identifying and examining the drivers, barriers and strategies within Hong Kong as a typical case. Based on the systems theory that addresses ZCBs as complex systems, the research was conducted through a questionnaire survey with 219 effective responses from and six follow-up focus group meetings with industry stakeholders. Key drivers and barriers were systematically identified, covering economic, legislative, cultural, supply chain, geographical, and skill and knowledge aspects. Specifically, economic drivers and barriers were found most significant. A novel multi-level framework of strategies was further derived, integrating micro-level measures, meso-level initiatives and macro-level visions in areas of user behavior, building energy, energy production and supply, and industry practice for achieving ZCBs in high-rise high-density cities. The framework contributes a new perspective to examine ZCB drivers and barriers, and lays the foundation for a strategic decision-making tool to support ZCB developments.