A laparovaginal strategy to avoid bladder injury during laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy in cases with ventrofixed uterus following previous cesarean section

Background Laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign indications in cases with ventrofixed uterus following previous cesarean section (CS) increases the surgeon’s concern of bladder injury. The present study describes a laparovaginal strategy to avoid bladder injury during laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) in cases with ventrofixed uterus following previous CS.