Cellular protective effect of novel dimeric ferulamide derivatives against UVA and 1O2 and its structural mechanism

Abstract N , N ′-Diferuloyl-putrescine (DFP) containing ferulamide moiety has skin whitening and antioxidative activities. In this study, we synthesized DFP (n = 4), DFP-1 (n = 3) and DFP-2 (n = 2) with different diamide linkage chain lengths connecting dimeric ferulamide moieties. DFP-1 had higher antioxidative activities and cell penetration ratio than other derivatives for the cellular protective effects against UVA and 1 O 2 . We identified that these oxidative protective effects of DFP-1 were contributed by low steric hindrance on electron donor groups and dipole moment through homogeneous electron density. These results suggest that DFP-1 could be used as potential antioxidative ingredient.