Pre-chemotherapy abiraterone acetate. A proposal of a treatment algorithm in castration resistant prostate cancer

Abstract Context Prostate cancer treatment remains a challenge for the urologist. Medical control in locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer is usually performed with LHRH analogs and/or antiandrogens. Different treatments have been proposed when there is biochemical and clinical progression of the disease and other new ones have changed the patients’ perspective and life expectancy. Objective This review has aimed to establish the current role of abiraterone acetate in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer and facilitate decision-making by the Urologist by means of a Treatment Algorithm. Acquisition of the evidence A search of current evidence on Abiraterone treatment in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer was performed in PubMed, mainly analyzing those studies designed as clinical trials. In addition, we reviewed and updated the role of hormone therapy and androgen receptors in prostate cancer. Evidence synthesis There are currently basically two clinical trials that demonstrate the effectiveness of Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer compared to placebo. The study COU-AA 302 shows a clear benefit with Abiraterone prior to chemotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, this making it possible to establish an algorithm for initial treatment that facilitates decision-making by the urologist. Conclusion Abiraterone is a pre-chemotherapy treatment option in selected patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, although it is necessary to improve the cost and to design more multicenter clinical trials to optimize the cost/benefit ratio.