Indole based push-pull dyes bearing azo and dimethine: Synthesis, spectroscopic, NLO, anion affinity properties and thermal characterization

Abstract A series of novel indole based push-pull dyes bearing azo and dimethine chromophores in same structure were synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the dyes were determined in three various solvents in UV-Vis spectra and theoretical studies. Their chemosensor and nonlinear optic (NLO) properties were also investigated. Anion selectivity and sensitivities of dyes were studied with some selected anions in ACN and interaction mechanisms were confirmed by spectrophotometric and 1H NMR titration techniques. While in the organic solvents such as DMSO and ACN the dyes showed affinity to F-, AcO-, CN-, and H2PO4- and they showed selective behaviour only to CN- in partial aqueous solution. The thermal stabilities obtaining with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the dyes have a good thermal stability up to around 300 °C.