A Piezoelectric Elements and Their Electronics Driving with Help of FPGA Circuits

The paper summarizes our experiences of various electric driving of piezoelectric elements (piezoelectric membranes, actuators, piezoelectric ceramic transformers, etc.) with help of the fast digital electronic components—particularly the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), eventually the Digital Signal Processor (DSP). These components are often used in the piezoelectric applications with the extreme rate requirements—e.g. the driving ultrasonic piezoceramic motors by Pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal or the controlled elasticity of the piezoelectric materials.