Mapping the 3D genome through high speed single-molecule tracking of functional transcription factors in single living cells

How genomic DNA is organized within the cell nucleus is a long-standing question. We describe a single-molecule bioimaging method with super-resolution localization precision and very rapid millisecond temporal resolution, coupled to fully quantitative image analysis tools, to help to determine genome organization and dynamics using budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryotic organism. We utilize astigmatism imaging, a robust technique that enables extraction of 3D position data, on genomically encoded fluorescent protein reporters that bind to DNA. Our relatively straightforward method enables snapshot reconstructions of 3D architectures of single genome conformations directly in single functional living cells.