Characterization and biological effects of two polysaccharides isolated from Acanthopanax sciadophylloides.

Abstract Two polysaccharides abbreviated ANP and AAP were isolated from the young buds of Acanthopanax sciadophylloides . ANP consisted of l -arabinose, d -mannose, d -glucose and d -galactose in a ratio of ca 1.0:2.6:2.5:1.4 and its weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 1.07 × 10 4 . AAP consisted of l -arabinose, d -galactose and 4- O -methyl- d -glucuronic acid in a ratio of ca 5:10:1, and its Mw was estimated to be 8.40 × 10 4 . ANP was suggested to be an acetylated heteropolysaccharide, whereas AAP was speculated to be a type II arabinogalactan on the basis of structural analysis data. Both polysaccharides were found to stimulate NO production and induce the expression of cytokine mRNAs including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α on RAW264.7 cells. They also induced NF-κB activation in RAW-Blue cells. NO production and NF-κB activation by both polysaccharides were decreased by pretreatment with neutralizing anti-TLR-4 and anti-CD14 antibodies but not with anti-TLR-2, anti-SR-A, anti-CD11c, and anti-Dectin-1 antibodies. Therefore, these immunostimulating effects of ANP and AAP were suggested to be promoted by the interaction through the membrane receptors, TLR-4 and CD14. In addition to immunomodulating effects, ANP showed anti-HSV-2 effects in vitro .