Synthesis of a novel co-hybridization nano-apatite powder with excellent dispersion, well-solubility and good biocompatibility by a new strategy

Abstract It is a great challenge to achieve a novel co-hybridization nano-apatite powder with excellent dispersion, well-solubility and cell vitality. In this manuscript, a new strategy was designed, in which different types cyclodextrins of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and different Mg substitute contents of 5, 10 and 20 mol% were introduced in the form of reactants. The obtained produces were characterized by FTIR, XRD, EM, EDS, dispersion experiment, and soaking in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution. Moreover, in vitro cell vitality of co-hybridization nano-apatite powders were conducted using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) of SD rat to preliminarily evaluate the biological performances. It was revealed that CD structure and Mg had been successfully incorporated in n-HA lattice, so that the crystallinity, cell parameters and crystallite sizes of CD-Mg-n-HA were remarkably decreased, and its dispersion in dichloromethane was greatly improved in contrast with the traditional n-HA. Especially, α-CD-Mg-n-HA displayed the best dispersion among the three CD-Mg-n-HA particles because the smallest central cavity of α-CD. Additionally, the β-CD-Mg-n-HA with 20 mol% Mg possessed the best dissolution in PBS due to the highest Mg content. Finally, the in vitro cell vitality results indicated that the co-hybridization nano-apatite exhibited an enhanced cytocompatibility than the traditional n-HA, in particular, the β-CD-Mg-n-HA with 20 mol% Mg showed the best cell proliferation and adhesion. The study indicated that the introduction of cyclodextrin and Mg in the form of reactants is a promising new strategy to achieve a novel hybridization nano-apatite with excellent dispersion, well-solubility and enhanced cell vitality, which would widen an expansion application in bone materials, compared with the traditional n-HA.