A straightforward design of mismatch-shaped multi-bit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ D/A systems

The paper presents basic rules, which can be easily applied to design of any practical digital-to-analog (D/A) system with any arbitrary type of a dynamic element matching (DEM) characteristic. The proposed approach is general and it can be effectively implemented. A /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ D/A converted design with a second older low-pass mismatch shaped characteristic is discussed in details "step-by-step", as an example.