Framework for the Co-Simulation of Antenna Arrays and Receivers

This communication presents a framework for cosimulating receiving antenna arrays and receivers using circuit simulators. This framework is based on a recently introduced $\boldsymbol {2M}$ -port electrical model of an $\boldsymbol {M}$ -element antenna array with $\boldsymbol {M}$ physically accessible ports and $\boldsymbol {M}$ “free-space” ports. Based on this framework, we describe analytical and simulator-based approaches to determine receiving-array performance metrics, such as isotropic noise response, beam-equivalent system and receiver noise temperatures, and noise-matching efficiency.