Determinacao de hidrocarbonetos policiclicos aromaticos (hpas) em solo, agua e sedimentos

1996 
PAHs are widely present in nature and derive from several natural or anthropogenic sources. To the latter case belong oil and fuel leakages and the incomplete combustion of organic matters, such as gas, coal, oil and forest. Due to the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of PAHs on human beings several world organizations have included these compounds in the list of prioritary pollutants to be checked. In terms of the matrix complexity (water, sediment and soil) and the existence of different requirements in the Company, this paper considered two main outlooks. The first outlook concerns PAHs analyses in water and sediments, related to environmental monitoring programs. In these cases the number of analyses performed is very large and the aim is to screen the contamination degree of the region. Therefore the fluorescence seems to be the most appropriate both in terms of the analysis time as well as the cost and the kind of information provided: total PAHs. The other approach concerns PAH analysis on landfarming soils and there the ultimate objectives are biodegradation studies of sludges, leaching processes and landfarming follow-up. With that in mind the techniques assessed were gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) because they provide individual results of PAH compounds and indeed the one found to be the most adequate for that purpose was the GC/MS technique. PAHs extraction and quantification procedures in water, sediment and soil samples as well as data about the efficiency of recovery in each case are reported and discussed. In the specific case of soils, the results obtained on the basis of an actual landfarming samples from a refinery by means of the methodologies that has been implemented were compared with results achieved and reported elsewhere abroad.
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