America Giveth, and America Taketh Away: The Fate of Article 9 after the Futenma Base Dispute

INTRODUCTION 84 I. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE FUTENMA BASE DISPUTE 86 II. EFFECTS OF THE FUTENMA BASE DISPUTE ON ARTICLE 9 97 A. Judicial History of Article 9 102 1. Sakata v. Japan, or “The Sunakawa Case” (1959) 102 2. The Naganuma Nike Missile Site Cases (1973) 103 3. Ishizuka et al. v. Japan et al., or “The Hyakuri Air Base Case” (1989) 104 4. Mori v. Japan (2008) 104 B. Japan and Military Activity 106 C. Intermingling of Japanese People and Resources with the U.S. Military 109 CONCLUSION 114