RAN energy efficiency and failure rate through ANN traffic predictions processing

Abstract In this paper, we focus on the application of ML tools to resource management in a portion of a Radio Access Network (RAN) and, in particular, to Base Station (BS) activation and deactivation, aiming at reducing energy consumption while providing enough capacity to satisfy the variable traffic demand generated by end users. In order to properly decide on BS (de)activation, traffic predictions are needed, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used for this purpose. Since critical BS (de)activation decisions are not taken in proximity of minima and maxima of the traffic patterns, high accuracy in the traffic estimation is not required at those times, but only close to the times when a decision is taken. This calls for careful processing of the ANN traffic predictions to increase the probability of correct decision. Numerical performance results in terms of energy saving and traffic lost due to incorrect BS deactivations are obtained by simulating algorithms for traffic predictions processing, using real traffic as input. Results suggest that good performance trade-offs can be achieved even in presence of non-negligible traffic prediction errors, if these forecasts are properly processed. The impact of forecast processing for dynamic resource allocation on the BS failure rate is also investigated. Results reveal that conservative approaches better prevent BSs from hardware failure. Nevertheless, the deployment of newer devices, designed for fast dynamic networks, allows the adoption of approaches which frequently activate and deactivate BSs, thus achieving higher energy saving.