Influência de um cultivo de camarão sobre o metabolismo bêntico e a qualidade da água

Shrimp farming activities tend to increase the organic matter sedimentation rate, by extreme inputs of excreta products and shrimp food (commercial shrimp diet) into the environment. In certain environmental conditions, the auto-depuration system can be surpassed, generating a high production of nutrients at the sedimentary layer as a result of benthic metabolism intensification. Consequently the system can be induced to a eutrophication processes and anoxia. In the present study, in situ incubations with transparent and opaque chambers have been used to evaluate the benthic metabolism in semi-intensive shrimp farming areas in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (pen enclosures). Existence of clear interference of the cultivation in the processes of benthic regeneration of nutrients was evident, resulting in increases of phosphorus (phosphate) and nitrogen (in the ammonium form) fluxes. Even considering that this activity has a local and temporary distribution (only 4 to 5 months of the year), it is important to call attention to the sediment oxygen consumption and the input of nutrients deriving from the regeneration of organic matter, which is enhanced in shallow waters and restricted circulation areas (such as small bays), locations where shrimp cultivation is developed in the Patos Lagoon Estuary.