Megauréteres, estudio y conducta médica

2011 
Introduccion: megaureter significa un ureter dilatado por encima de 7 mm de diametro y se clasifica en: refluyente, obstructivo y no refluyente no obstructivo. Objetivo: presentar las caracteristicas clinico-imaginologicas y evolutivas de pacientes en los que se detecto una anomalia del tracto urinario en el ultrasonido prenatal y en el estudio posnatal se encontro megaureter. Metodos: a todos los ninos remitidos a la consulta de nefrologia por haberse detectado alguna anomalia del tracto urinario en el ultrasonido materno-fetal, se les realizo ultrasonido renal. Si en el ultrasonido posnatal se encontro dilatacion ureterohidronefrotica, se indico profilaxis con antibiotico y se hizo uretrocistografia miccional, y si no se encontro reflujo vesicoureteral, se realizo gammagrafia dinamica. En 5 de los pacientes se realizo urograma excretor, y en 2 se repitio la gammagrafia. Resultados: entre 318 pacientes remitidos por haberse detectado alguna anomalia del tracto urinario mediante el ultrasonido prenatal entre enero 1ro. de 1996 y 31 de diciembre de 2010, 6 (1,9 por ciento) fueron diagnosticados despues del nacimiento como portadores de megaureteres. Los diagnosticos prenatales fueron: dilatacion pielocalicial en 4, dilatacion pielocalicial en rinon unico en 1 y agenesia renal izquierda en 1. La conducta medica inicial fue conservadora en todos, pero fue quirurgica a los 2 anos de edad (reimplantacion ureteral) en uno con patron gammagrafico obstructivo y rinon unico. Un paciente con rinon unico y patron no obstructivo estable se mantiene bajo control clinico-imaginologico periodico. Conclusiones: la conducta medica inicial ante un megaureter no obstructivo u obstructivo debe ser conservadora. En los casos de rinon unico el control clinico-imaginologico debe ser riguroso para reimplantar el ureter, si aparece aumento progresivo de la dilatacion(AU) Introduction: the term megaloureter means a dilated ureter measuring more than 7 cm diameter and it is classified in: with return flow, obstructive and without return flow non obstructive. Objective: to show the clinical-imaging features and evolutionary of the patients with a urinary tract anomaly detected in the prenatal ultrasound and in the postnatal study there was a megaloureter. Methods: all children referred to nephrology consultation due to the presence of some urinary tract anomaly observed in the mother-fetal ultrasound underwent renal ultrasound. If in the postnatal ultrasound there was an uretherohydronephrosis dilatation, a prophylaxis with antibiotics was prescribed and a miction urethra-cystography was performed and if there was not vesicoureteral flow a dynamic scintigraphy was carried out. In the remainder five patients an excretory urogram and in two patients scintigraphy was repeated. Results: among the 318 patients referred due the presence of some anomaly of urinary tract cy prenatal ultrasound from January,1 to December, 31, 2010, six (1,9 percent) were diagnosed with megaureters carriers after birth. The prenatal diagnoses were: pyelocaliectasis in only one kidney in one case and left renal agenesis in other case. The initial medical behavior was conservative in all of cases, but it was surgical at 2 years old (ureteral re-implantation) in one patient with an obstructive scintigraphic pattern and one kidney. A patient with one kidney and a stable obstructive pattern is under a periodical clinical-imaging control. Conclusions: the initial medical behavior in face of a non-obstructive and obstructive megaloureter must to be conservative. In cases of only one kidney the clinical-imaging control must to be strict to reimplantation of the ureter, if there is a progressive increase of dilatation(AU)
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