Surgical intervention and understanding of diseases of the stomach and duodenum.

: The stomach and duodenum are organs of complex physiology and cell biology. Neoplastic disease of these organs represents a difficult surgical challenge, and gastric and duodenal cancer mortality rates remain high despite advances in surgical technique, perioperative care, and adjuvant therapy. True "cures" elude the surgeon all too often. Fortunately, our understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of upper gastrointestinal neoplasms is increasing and is now significantly affecting the clinical management of these tumors as surgical therapies continue to improve. The care of benign disease of the stomach and duodenum is also evolving as medical therapy and surgical technology improve to lessen the morbidity associated with peptic ulcer disease and other benign conditions. The event that may have the greatest effect on surgical intervention in peptic ulcer disease is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launching of an educational campaign to promote treatment of Helicobacter pylori. This article reviews the most significant advances published in the past year on surgical intervention of the stomach and duodenum.