Bladder level surgery for ureteroceles

Abstract Lower urinary tract reconstruction, which encompasses complete or partial ureterocele excision (marsupialization) and ureteral reimplant with or without bladder neck reconstruction, is an effective approach to ureterocele management. It allows for concomitant management of obstruction and/or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) that can be seen in duplex systems associated with ureteroceles. Lower urinary tract reconstruction is also a definitive option for those who have failed endoscopic or upper tract intervention. As endoscopic technology improves in the modern era and the management of VUR evolves, lower urinary tract reconstruction may not be as widely utilized in the future. Nevertheless, knowledge of the surgical technique is important, as there is always a subset of patients who will benefit from this approach.