IL-1 signaling modulates activation of STAT transcription factors to antagonize retinoic acid signaling and control the TH17 cell-iTreg cell balance

iTreg cells and TH17 cells share developmental steps, but their cellular fate depends on environmental cues. Weaver and colleagues show that IL-1 signaling alters the STAT3-STAT5 balance to skew cellular differentiation towards TH17 CD4+ T cells.