Lung Recoil: Elastic and Rheological Properties

The sections in this article are: 1 Historical Background 2 Pressure-Volume Relationships 2.1 Excised Lungs 2.2 Liquid Filling 2.3 Temperature 2.4 Quantification 3 Rheological Properties 3.1 Hysteresis, Stress Adaptation, and Creep 3.2 Structural Basis 3.3 Rheological Models 4 Force-Bearing Structures 4.1 Airways and Vasculature 4.2 Pleura and Interlobular Septa 4.3 Alveolar Septa 5 Connective Tissue 5.1 Components 5.2 Collagen-Elastin Interactions 6 Interfacial Tension 6.1 Air-Liquid Interface 6.2 Estimation of Interfacial Tension From Pressure-Volume Curves 6.3 Direct Estimation of Interfacial Tension in Situ 6.4 Cell Medium Interfacial Tension 7 Contractile Elements 7.1 Airways 7.2 Alveolar Duct 7.3 Septa 7.4 Functional Implications 8 Postmortem Changes 8.1 Lung Tissue 8.2 Lung Surface 8.3 Airways 9 Nonuniformities of Ventilation 9.1 Synchrony of Ventilation 9.2 Gas Dilution