Nano- and Microemulsions for Delivery of Nutraceuticals Through Livestock Products - A Review

Nano- and Microemulsions are based on the relations hip between the discontinuous and continuous phases. These are liquid-liquid system of encapsulation which are particularly suited for del ivery of hydrophobic nutraceuticals. It is likely to fabricate nano- and microemulsions from same constituents (oil, water and surfactant) but method s of preparation are different. Microemulsions form spontaneously by sel f assembly system. Nanoemulsions does not form spontaneously need high energy input to obtain. Therefore, prepare in devices e.g. Homogeni zer, Microfluidizer, Ultrasonicators etc . Major benefits of nutraceuticals fortification in livestock products are it offer one of the simplest and most practical method to combat micronutrient deficiency for both poor an d wealthy societies. Milk drinks, milk products, meat products are widel y consumed staple foods. Delivery of hydrophobic nutraceuticals like oil soluble vit A, D, E, K, antioxidants, herbs extract, long chain fatty ac ids and carotenoids through food always have been challenge to food ind ustry. Therefore, nano- and microemulsions constitute most capable systems to improve solubility, bioavailability and functionality of hydrophobic co mpounds. In dairy, creation of oxidatively stable transparent bioavail able beverages containing ω-3-fatty acids, phospholipids and minerals is major outcome of this technology. The addition of nutraceuticals in emuls ified form in meat products is well studied and revealed that it is pr omising delivery system for long chain fatty acids fortification in red mea t. There have been very less publications available on nano-and micro-emuls ions in livestock products, therefore cited techniques needs more att ention by research and development, regulations and food scientist.