A preclinical PET detector constructed with a monolithic scintillator ring

This paper presents a unique preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) detector constructed with a monolithic scintillator ring (MSR) and two rings of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). The inner diameter, outer diameter and length of the MSR were 48.5 mm, 58.5 mm, and 25.1 mm, respectively. The two SiPM rings, constructed with 46 SiPMs, were air-coupled to the two ends of the MSR detector. The center of gravity (COG) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were adapted to decode the positions of the gamma interactions in the circumferential (θ) and axial (Z) directions, respectively. Collimating systems, consisting of a tungsten collimator and a high-precision displacement and rotating platform, were constructed to assess the decoding accuracies of the MSR detector in both θ and Z directions. The average intrinsic full-width half maximums (FWHMs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the decoding accuracies were 0.94 mm and 0.33 mm in the circumferential direction, 2.45 mm and 1.08 mm in the axial direction. An energy resolution of 10.7% was measured at 511 keV. The scintillating photons generated by a pair of coincidence gamma photons overlap with each other, and cause circumferential parallax errors in the lines of response (LOR). The experimental results show that the average FWHM errors in the θ direction increased slightly from 0.94 mm to 1.14 mm when Δθ of the two single events was larger than 70°. The imaging performance of the MSR detector was also initially assessed with a Derenzo phantom filled with 18F-FDG. The rods with a diameter larger than 1.2 mm can be resolved. The energy resolutions were 12.3% at 511 keV (single events), and 11.4% at 1022 keV (coincidence events). We concluded that it is feasible to construct the high-performance preclinical PET scanners using one or multiple MSR detectors.