미국, 호주, 한국의 난민정책 비교 연구: 정책추진체계와 지원프로그램을 중심으로

(Purpose) The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze refugee policies in the United States, Australia, and South Korea and to present the implications for refugee policies in South Korea based on the comparative analysis. (Design/methodology/approach) In order to compare refugee policies in the three countries, (1) refugee status, (2) refugee-related laws and systems, (3) policy promotion organizations and operating systems, (4) policies and support programs were set as comparison criteria. (Findings) First, the US hosts an average of 60,000 refugees each year, Australia hosts 15,000 people, and Korea hosts 480 people. Second, the United States and Australia accept refugees separately from foreign and domestic refugees, while Korea accepts only domestic refugees. Third, looking at the refugee approval rate, the US is 42.6%, Australia is 15.7%, and Korea is 4.1%. Fourth, on average, the refugee screening process takes 20-33 months in the US, 6-12 months in Australia. and 8 months in Korea. Australia''s fast-track refugee approval process system is increasing the speed and efficiency of refugee screening. Fifth, Australia has included the Refugee Act in the Integrated Immigration Act, so refugee and immigration policies are organically linked. On the other hand, the U.S. and South Korea have separate refugee and immigration laws, so refugee and immigration policies are not interconnected. Sixth, Australia and Korea are divided into refugees and humanitarian residents through refugee screening and are differentiated in terms of duration of stay and support services. Finally, despite considerable differences in the level and content of various refugee support services that support refugees, the three countries recognize refugees as their own citizens and provide various refugee support services equivalent to their own citizens. (Research implications or Originality) First, treatment improvement and support services for humanitarian residents are needed. Second, the advancement of refugee screening and approval procedures and the rate of refugee approval should be increased. Third, it is necessary to raise awareness that can resolve stereotypes and prejudices about refugees of Korean people. Fourth, it is necessary to strengthen the capacity of refugee screening officials, introduce fast-track procedures and set up an organization dedicated to refugee screening. Fifth, it is necessary to increase the social integration of refugees by closely linking refugee policy to immigration policy. Finally, it is necessary for the response to the refugee issue to be pursued in a reasonable, objective and long-term manner.