Uncovering novel 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone metal ion complexes with potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Abstract Ligands of the 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (3,4-HPO) type, with one (Hmpp) or two methyl groups (Hdmpp), have been reported to possess biomedical, chemical and analytical applications. In this first screening study aiming to uncover new promising agents to mitigate the oxidative damage highly present in several metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, we assessed the potential of twelve 3,4-HPO metal ion complexes to modulate oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Metal ion 3,4-HPO complexes of Ni, Fe, V, Co, Cu and Zn were synthesized and tested up to 15 μM. Among all the compounds, [Cu(mpp) 2 ] and [Cu(dmpp) 2 ] exhibited the highest scavenging capacity against superoxide radical (O 2 − ) (IC 50  = 0.36 ± 0.07 and 0.30 ± 0.06 μM, respectively) and against hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (IC 50  = 0.6 ± 0.3 and 0.4 ± 0.1 μM, respectively). In the particular case of O 2 − , [Fe(mpp) 3 ] and [Fe(dmpp) 3 ] (both at 15 μM) presented 35% and 22% of inhibition, respectively, while all the other compounds were neither able to scavenge O 2 − nor stimulate its production. Regarding the scavenging capacity against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), all the compounds showed low efficiency (from 6–39%). Finally, with exception of [VO(mpp) 2 ] and [VO(dmpp) 2 ], all compounds exhibited scavenging activity against HOCl (39–81%) and the most efficient compounds were Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Thus, these preliminary results uncover promising new metal ion complexes, inhibitors of neutrophil's oxidative burst, with potential anti-inflammatory properties, which may be seen as an useful strategy for further studies in the treatment of a number of diseases where oxidative damage is a serious issue.