A Case Of Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis Of The Temporal Bone Masquerading As Acute Mastoiditis.

Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis is a rare disease ranging from a benign to a rapidly fatal condition affecting predominantly young children. We report the case of a 20-month old infant presenting with acute mastoiditis which failed to resolve with appropriate treatment. An urgent mastoid exploration revealed a large mass of organised tissue. The diagnosis of Langerhans’ Cell Histiocytosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. This report describes an unusual mode of presentation masking and thereby delaying diagnosis. The distinctive histopathological and radiological features, coupled with awareness of the condition, were crucial in establishing a definitive diagnosis, and instituting appropriate management.