Secrets of Successful Integration: Operating Experience With High Levels of Variable, Inverter-Based Generation

The utility industry is evolving quickly in response to mounting public pressure for cleaner electricity and overall cleaner energy. An increasing number of countries such as Denmark, states such as Hawai'i and California, and utilities such as American Electric Power and Xcel Energy have goals of 100% renewables or 100% carbon-free emissions. Renewable technologies include wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydroelectric, and others; carbon-free technologies typically include renewables, carbon capture and storage, and nuclear.