Mapping and surgical ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation in cor triatriatum sinister.

A 21-year-old male was referred to our hospital with chief complaint of palpitations and exercise-induced dyspnoea for half a year. Physical examination indicated a diastolic murmur at the apex and electrocardiogram and Holter demonstrated persistent atrial fibrillation ( Panel A ). Transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a membranous structure in the left atrium (LA) ( Panel B , arrow). Three dimensionally reconstructed CT distinguished that the membrane at the left side of the interatrial septum separated the LA into two parts ( Panel C , arrow), with …