Description of the excitation of one- and two-phonon states in spherical nuclei induced by the inelastic scattering of low-energy protons

In the framework of the quasiparticle-phonon model (QPM) of the nucleus, we develop an approach to the microscopic description of the excitation of one- and two-phonon states in spherical nuclei, induced by the inelastic scattering of low-energy protons. The interaction potential between the incident proton and the target nucleus is treated with the help of the nuclear transition densities, obtained in the QPM, and the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction M3Y. We calculate the cross sections for the inelastic scattering of protons of different energies from /sup 58/Ni and /sup 90/Zr. The structure of several of the low-lying electric excitations in /sup 58/Ni is studied. The manifestations of a complex structure of these states in the cross sections of (p, p') reactions are discussed.