COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL INTERNATIONAL CONTAINER TERMINAL TANJUNG PERAK, SURABAYA, INDONESIA

The Tanjung Perak harbour of the city of Surabaya on the island Java, Indonesia has experienced a considerable growth of container traffic. In order to adequately deal with the expected continuing increase of container traffic in the future, the International container terminal is presently being expanded. In future there will be three independently operating terminals: two terminals for international container traffic (ICT) and one terminal for inter island traffic (IIT). The Inter Island Terminal will handle coasters operating between the larger and smaller (more inland located) ports. The quays of these three terminals will be connected to the container yards by one bridge. Evidently the expansion of the container terminal will create a new situation on the whole terminal, in particular on the bridge connecting the quays to the container yards. The objective of this research is to investigate the capacity of the future container terminal and to analyse possible future bottlenecks (with emphasis on the bridge situation). For this purpose computer simulation models have been created of the three terminals and the bridge. Using simulation models the future terminal operations have been analysed and in the process also an indication of the capacity of the terminal is obtained. The models enabled a better insight of the possible container throughput of the terminal in relation to the efficiency level of terminal operations and upgrading of equipment. The traffic load on the bridge has been investigated by analysing the varying traffic flows generated by the terminal models. Concluding it appears that there are two factors that may limit the anticipated container throughput increases per terminal: the capacity of the portainers and the stacking area of the container yards. In case the container throughput per terminal increases as expected and the efficiency levels can not be improved (thus limiting the production of quay cranes), the possibility of a serious congestion of the terminal may be the result. This would result in increased anchorage waiting times for the vessels and in a further increase of the quay occupancy (more than the present 70%). Also the capacity of the stacking areas may prove to be insufficient to cope with this increased container throughput. These effects also imply that the terminal will not have an adequate safety margin to handle unforeseen delays, for instance equipment breakdown.