Piezoelectric, nonliner optical, electro-optical, and pyroelectric properties of cesium hydrogen malate hydrate crystal

Cesium hydrogen L-malate monohydrate crystals are shown to be a promising material for several potential applications. The crystals display an exceptionally large piezoelectric coefficient, d22=23.7pm∕V. They are also an efficient generator of the optical second harmonic of near infrared light, being close to an order of magnitude more efficient than potassium diphosphate crystals. A relatively strong electro-optic response (the figure of merit 12∣n1r12−n3r32∣ was found to be 4.83pm∕V) and a reasonable pyroelectric coefficient (p2=2.5×10−4μC∕cm2K at 245K) are also observed.