Using multi-sensor moisture measurement in conservation through 'building pathology indices' and 3D digital documentation
2019
Several non-destructive techniques are commonly used to measure moisture in stone-built heritage, including electrical properties, infrared thermal imaging, microwave measurement and radar. Each technique, as well as the sensors or devices used to implement it, has advantages and limitations. Two factors of significant importance are substances that can influence readings (such as salts) and the uncertainty of depth of penetration. This paper addresses these factors by developing ‘indices of consistency’ between devices to: a) amplify between devices with similar properties, and b) remove the influence of factors that make the indication of different moisture levels less clear. These indices are a simple algorithm from a class of data processing techniques known as ‘data fusion’ that combines information from several inputs (devices); the indices are developed from specific combinations which are selected based on the principles and practical experiences with using the devices. These indices have the benefit of synthesising the data collected from several devices into ‘challenge-specific’ visualisations that streamline interpretation. This principle is employed for data collected from a multi-sensor survey that was undertaken on a stone barrel vault ceiling in Argyle Tower, Edinburgh Castle, which is suspected to have water ingress due in part to its method of construction, exposed location and evidence of salt-related weathering. These indices are then combined with 3D digital documentation to more closely link them with the distinct geometry of this structure and enable a greater level of interpretation.
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