Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm During Transthoracic Echocardiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) during transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may be an effective targeted screening strategy. Objective The aim was to assess the feasibility of AAA screening during TTE and to estimate the prevalence of AAA in patients undergoing TTE. Methods Electronic bibliographic sources were interrogated using a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary searches to identify studies reporting on AAA screening during TTE. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement standards. Fixed effect or random effects models were used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates. Results Twenty observational cohort studies were identified reporting a total of 43,341 participants (23,291 men and 20,050 women). Hypertension was reported in 41% (95% CI 38–43), hypercholesterolemia in 31% (95% CI 29–32), diabetes mellitus in 20% (95% CI 19–22), and tobacco use in 37% (95% CI 35–38). The aorta was visualised in 86% (95% CI 84–88) of the screened population. The pooled prevalence of AAA in the entire screened population was 0.033 (95% CI 0.024–0.044). The pooled prevalence of AAA in men was 0.046 (95% CI 0.032–0.065) and in women it was 0.014 (95% CI 0.008–0.022). The mean age of participants in whom an AAA was detected ranged across the studies from 66 to 85 years. The mean diameter of the aneurysm identified ranged across the studies from 35 mm to 45 mm. Clinical outcomes in participants with a detected AAA were poorly reported. Conclusions Screening for AAA during TTE may identify a population group with a high risk of AAA in whom targeted screening may be beneficial. Further research is required to investigate the cost-effectiveness and clinical benefits of AAA screening in this setting.