Inhibition of regulated necrosis attenuates receptor-interacting protein kinase 1–mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation

Background Increasing evidence indicates that regulated necrosis plays a critical role during cell death caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Necroptosis is one form of regulated necrosis. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), an inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), is known to reduce necroptosis. We investigated the effect of Nec-1 treatment on IR-induced lung injury in a rat lung transplant model. Methods Lewis rats were divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each): (1) Control (no treatment), (2) Donor treatment (D), (3) Recipient treatment (R), and (4) Donor plus Recipient treatment (D+R) groups. Donor lungs were flushed and preserved for 18 hours at 4oC before transplantation. Recipient animals underwent a left single lung transplant. After 2 hours of reperfusion, we assessed the physiologic function, cytokine expression, pathway activation, and the extent of necrosis. Results Pulmonary gas exchange in D+R group was significantly better than in the other 3 groups ( p = 0.003). Lung edema was significantly lower in the D+R group compared with the Control group ( p = 0.006). The expression of interleukin-6 in lung tissue and plasma was significantly reduced in the D+R group compared with the Control group ( p = 0.036). The percentage of necrotic cells in D+R group was significantly lower than in the Control and D groups ( p = 0.01), indicating Nec-1inhibited regulated necrosis. Conclusions The administration of Nec-1 to both donor and recipient improved graft function after lung transplantation through the reduction of necroptosis. The inhibition of regulated necrosis appears to be a promising strategy to attenuate IR lung injury after lung transplantation.