The rise and fall of a vancomycin-resistant clone of Enterococcus faecium among broilers in Sweden

Abstract Objectives Historically, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) has been very common among farm animals in Europe and they can still be readily isolated using media supplemented with vancomycin. From 2000 to 2005 an increase in the occurrence of VRE among broilers in Sweden was reported. This was due to the spread of one clone of VRE in the apparent absence of selective pressure. The aims of this study were to estimate the current occurrence of VRE among Swedish broilers and to investigate if there had been any changes with regards to dominating clone and antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods Caecal samples (n = 100) collected at slaughter from healthy broilers were cultured on Slanetz-Bartley agar supplemented with vancomycin (16 mg/L). Presumptive VRE were identified to species using MALDI-TOF MS, susceptibility tested using broth micro-dilution and whole genome sequenced to investigate the genetic relationship to previous isolates. Results Eleven (11%) of the samples were positive for VRE. This is a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of positive samples from 2010. The same clone as previously still prevails. Conclusions The occurrence of VRE among broilers in Sweden has decreased. However, just as the occurrence of VRE among Swedish broilers increased in the apparent absence of selective pressure, the reasons for the decrease is not known.