PERMANENT MAGNETS BASED ON RARE EARTH-TRANSITION METAL COMPOUNDS
1978
A large number of binary, rare earth (RE) transition metal (TM) inter metallic compounds have been studied (1,2), Of these, the RECos and RE2Cot7 alloys form the basis for materials with excellent permanent magnetic properties. These intermetallic compounds possess an ideal combination of magnetic and structural properties for applications. Nesbitt, Wernick, and co-workers were the first to establish the struc ture, magnetic moment, and high Curie temperature of RECos com pounds (3-6). An appreciable coercive field, [He, was reported in GdCos soon afterwards (7) and attributed to a high magneto-crystalline aniso tropy. However, it remained for Strnat and coworkers (8-10) to point out the high permanent-magnetic potential of the light RECos, based on their estimates of the anisotropy fields, HA, and to report the first [He values. Their investigations of the magnetic properties showed further more that SmC05 was clearly the most promising of these compounds (11). This fact was further justified by the results published in the following years by a number of laboratories (12-15). Das '(12) reported the first dense SmCos magnet with an energy product of 20 MGOe. Simul taneously, investigations began on precipitation-hardened copper containing RECos (16,17). By now SmCos magnets have become com mercially available with hard magnetic properties that are in many respects superior to those of the traditional alternatives, namely Alnico, Ferrites, and Pt-Co. The technology necessary for the production of SmCos has been fully developed (18,19) and the magnets have found a wide range of applica-
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