A comparative study of polymer nanocomposites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets

Abstract Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene (nano)platelets (GNPs or GnPs; each platelet below 10 ​nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication; GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 ​S ​cm−1 than MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided.