Investigación Histórica en la Enfermería:: posibilidades y metodología
2007
espanolLa investigacion en Enfermeria ha aumentado en pocos anos, aportando perspectivas del conocimiento en multiples direcciones. La Enfermeria como profesion ha experimentado cambios en su historia. Este articulo pretende introducir la investigacion historica como metodo de investigacion en Enfermeria y permitir a los profesionales de la salud asi como de otras areas relacionadas realizar este tipo de investigacion en todas sus etapas. A lo largo del texto, examinamos el metodo y las caracteristicas de la investigacion historica y describimos sus etapas: definicion, justificacion y delimitacion del asunto; metas; hipotesis; modelo y revision teoricos de la literatura; metodologia y fuentes; critica y validacion de los datos; y analisis e interpretacion de datos. Aunque hay un cierto grado de conocimiento que trata este tema, todavia son pocos los estudios publicados. Estos trabajos se han difundido en el mercado brasileno y han descrito de alguna manera la situacion de la profesion de la Enfermeria brasilena en el contexto social. Es importante que el registro sistematizado de la historia de la Enfermeria permita que las Enfermeras conozcan su propia identidad e importancia, y tambien que la sociedad reconozca a las enfermeras como individuos y como grupo EnglishNursing research has kept expanding until very recently, providing multiple perspectives of knowledge. Nursing, as a profession, has gone through changes throughout its history. This article attempts to introduce historical research as a method of research for nursing, and to provide healthcare professionals, as well as others of related areas, with the means through which to develop this type of research in all its stages. Throughout the text, the method and characteristics of historical research will be examined, and its stages will be described: definition, justification, delimitation of the area of research; goals; hypothesis; theoretical model and literature review; sources and methodology; review and validation of data; data analysis and interpretation. Although there are studies which have treated this topic, only a few have been published. These texts have been launched to the Brazilian market, describing somehow the situation of the nursing profession in Brazil in its social context. It is important to maintain a systematic register of nursing history, which allows nurses to learn from their own identity and importance, and provides nurses, both individually and as a group, the possibility of being socially acknowledged
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