Catalyst for preparing 1,3-butadiene through ethanol condensation, preparation method of catalyst and application of catalyst

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparing 1,3-butadiene through ethanol condensation. The catalyst is acid-base bifunctional mesoporous CuZnZrMgAl mixed metal oxide, wherein the atomic percent ratio of metal elements, i.e., Cu/Zn/Zr/Mg/Al in the catalyst is (9.68 to 36.43): (0 to 7.34): (0 to 7.62): (18.22 to 62.56): (20.93 to 48.12). The catalyst has the advantages of low reaction temperature, multielement active ingredient synergetic effect and good catalyst performance.