Spatio-temporal Evaluation of the Quality of Effluents in Anionic Surfactants from the Soap and Cosmetics Units of the Industrial Area of Yopougon, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

The anionic surfactants used in the soap industry and cosmetics appear as indicators of pollution of aquatic biodiversity. Moreover, these industries have experienced rapid growth in Cote d'Ivoire in recent years. Most of them are located in the Yopougon industrial area, thus continuously discharging their effluents into the Ebrie lagoon. This situation could lead to environmental, health and socio-economic disaster. Consequently, the evaluation of the quality of these effluents in anionic surfactants constitutes the starting point for the effect of identifying suitable ways for an efficient management of their use and their future. Four effluent sampling campaigns of ten units from this area were carried out over a period of one year. Anionic surfactants were analyzed by the methylene blue method. The analysis of the concentrations determined and the spatio-temporal analysis of the quality of the effluents according to the analysis of variance with repeated measures were carried out. It appears that all the effluents are very loaded with anionic surfactants and are grouped into two classes. Units Y2, Y6 and Y9 have an average concentration of anionic surfactants varying between 203,740 ± 157,544 (mg/L. EASL) and 275,323 ± 255,811 (mg/L. EASL). The group (Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y7, Y8 and Y10) records an average concentration in this parameter oscillating between 8.305 ± 6,508 (mg/L. EASL) and 71.750 ± 91,485 (mg/L. EASL).