Multiphysics modeling of VLF - HF propagation in the Earth-ionosphere system for communications, surveillance, and navigation

This paper describes multi-physics simulators that are being generated from global / local finite-difference-time (FDTD) domain Maxwell's equations models of the Earth-ionosphere system coupled with the Naval Research Lab's SAMI3 and Air Force Research Lab's PBMOD. Essentially, SAMI3 or PBMOD are used to solve for the structure of the ionosphere, and FDTD is employed to solve for the electromagnetic propagation through that structured ionosphere.