All-in-one photosynthetic assemblies for solar fuels

Abstract Converting solar energy into chemical fuel using an all-in-one photosynthetic assembly requires novel concept and cutting-edge technologies. Up to now, a series of new concepts have been suggested for designing of the assembly. It is thus important to examine present physics and research status of the assembly to glean the design guidelines for future devices. Here we introduce the concept of all-in-one photosynthetic assembly, which including photoelectrochemical diodes, all-in-one membranes and monolithic photovoltaic-photoelectrolysis cells. Key physical aspects are examined to identify the state-of-the-art in device design. We then discuss the device configurations, requirements and practical implications. Key features of the assemblies are also highlighted with their photosynthetic performance. Finally, a potential design that can be scalable to large area is projected for a more complete picture of the field. These concepts and their successful realization will be an important contribution towards realization of artificial photosynthesis.