Opioids Compared With Placebo or Other Treatments for Chronic Low Back Pain An Update of the Cochrane Review

Study Design.Systematic review and meta-analysis.Objective.To assess the efficacy of opioids in adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP).Summary of Background Data.Opioids for CLBP has increased dramatically. However, the benefits and risks remain unclear.Methods.We updated a 2007 Cochrane Review th