Extraction fractions of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and residue in the control of field and storage pests

Field and laboratory studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of six aqueous extraction rates ( 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) of ginger and residues in the control of okra flea beetles and cowpea bruchid (Callosbruchus maculatus F.) respectively, in Nigeria. The field experiment was a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Laboratory experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Attacke 2.5 EC ® (lambdacyhalothrin) treated and untreated plots were used for field controls. Actellic 2% dust ® (pirimiphous methyl) treated and untreated grains constituted the controls of the laboratory experiment. Podagrica uniforma (Jacoby) and Nisotra sjostedti (Jacoby) populations were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the field at different ginger extractions rates compared with the untreated. Lambdacyhalothrin treated plots significantly (P<0.05) produced a better yield than the untreated, while plots with higher rates of ginger (20%, 25%, and 30%) significantly (P<0.05) performed better than their lower rates and untreated plots. Okra fruit weight per plant was increased by 29% with 20% concentration; 43% by 25% concentration and 44% by 30% concentration relative to the untreated check. Higher concentrations of ginger residue (20%, 25%, and 30%) provided better protection against C. maculatus adult emergence compared to the untreated control. Fresh ginger extracts and its residues could therefore be harnessed in pre-and post-harvest pest control options respectively.