Fully CMOS compatible photonics integrated on silicon substrates

Photonic integrated circuits on silicon substrates are fully compatible with CMOS processes. The measurements show that light coupling with insertion loss of ~2 dB between grating waveguides and optical fibers, 60 Gbps optical modulation with Vpp of less than 4 V, and 4-port optical switches with cross-talk of 15 dB. Another work shows that a depletion mode PN junction can be operated as a 40 Gbps photodetector under a special reverse bias of 7 - 8 V.